疟疾快速检测方法的应用研究

Study on the Application of the Testing Methods on the Rapid Diagnosis of Malaria

目的:探讨三种疟疾检测方法在疟疾快速诊断中的应用价值。方法:收集深圳市第二人民医院、深圳市国际旅行保健中心2015年10月至2017年3月疑似疟疾全血标本78例,分别用镜检、荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法和快速检测试纸条法(RDT)进行疟疾检测,并对3种方法进行比较分析。结果:78例患者标本用镜检、荧光定量PCR法和RDT法检测疟疾阳性率,结果分别为71.1%、75.0%、72.4%,组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以镜检为标准,荧光定量PCR法检测疟疾的灵敏度为92.6%,特异性为68.2%,阳性预警值为87.8%,阴性预警值为78.9%;RDT法检测疟疾的灵敏度为94.4%,特异性为81.8%,阳性预警值为92.7%,阴性预警值为85.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:荧光定量PCR法和RDT法可作为镜检法的有效补充,RDT在疟疾快速诊断中具有一定的优势。

Objective To investigate application value of three testing methods on the rapid diagnosis of malaria.Methods 78 blood samples of suspicious positive malaria which were from October 2015 to March 2017 in Shenzhen were detected by used light microscopy（LM）,fluorescence quantitative PCR assay and RDT.Results The positive rates of LM,PCR assay and RDT were 71.1 %,75 %and 72.4 %respectively,there was no significant difference among the three methods（P〈0.05）;Compared to microscopy, the sensitivity of PCR was 92.6 %, specificity 68.2%, positive predictive value 87.7 %, negative predictive value 78.6 %.Compared to microscopy, the sensitivity of RDT was 94.4 %, specificity 81.8 %, positive predictive value 92.7 %, negative predictive value 85.7 %. Conclusions In the diagnosis and curative checking of malaria,RDT and PCR could be used as complement methods of the LM.RDT has some advantages in the rapid diagnosis of malaria.