我国河流生态基流理论研究回顾

Review study on instream ecological base flow in China

从生态基流的概念内涵、发展历程、计算方法和相关规定4个方面回顾了我国河流生态基流的发展历程。首先梳理了生态基流的概念,从生态基流支撑的河流生态系统功能、生态需水过程辨析了我国河流生态基流内涵;根据40年来我国河流生态基流的发展历程,将其分为探索、起步、发展和完善阶段共4个阶段,并总结了各阶段的特征;回顾梳理了国内外生态基流计算方法的发展历程,并对计算方法进行分类;最后梳理了我国已颁布的河流生态基流相关法律、规范、导则和指南,分析了现有规定的不足及未来的研究发展方向。可为我国河流生态基流理论研究提供依据,为河流生态系统保护政策的制定提供决策参考。

This paper reviews the development of researches and practices on ecological base flow in Chinafrom four aspects such as the concepts and connotation,the development process,the calculation methodsand relevant provisions. Firstly we summarized the commonly used concepts around the world,and discriminated between the connotations of the concepts from river ecosystem service functions which ecological flowsatisfies,ecological water demand processes and threshold value of ecological base flow. Then we dividedthe process into four phases and analyzed the characteristics according to 40-year development process ofecological base flow in China. The four phases are exploratory period,the initial period,development period and improvement period. Then we summarized the calculation methods and classified them into fourtypes. In the end,we sorted out the promulgated relevant laws,regulations,guidelines and guidance of ecological base flow and analyzed the deficiency and future research directions. The results provided the basisfor theoretical studies and decision making in river ecosystem conservation policies.