行业变革背景下先发企业合法性的获取机制——基于扎根理论的国家电网公司案例

A Study on the Legitimacy Acquisition Mechanism of First-moving Enterprise under the Background of Industrial Change——A Case Study of State Grid Corporation of China based on Grounded Theory

合法性是组织在战略行动中获取竞争优势的重要保障,现有理论在解释行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取机制方面存在缺口。本文以全球能源互联网背景下的国家电网公司作为研究对象,运用扎根理论研究方法构建了包含知识塑造机制、协同运营机制、品牌培育机制和动态竞争机制四个子机制的行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取机制模型。其中,知识塑造机制由专业学习、政治学习、管理创新和技术创新四个模块组成,是行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取的基础保障;协同运营机制包含组织建设、战略联盟和内部协同三个模块,是行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取的动力保障;品牌培育机制包括社会责任、宣传引导、编制标准和品牌价值四个模块,是行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取的能力保障;动态竞争机制包含规划引领、迎合环境和权变治理三个模块,是行业变革背景下先发企业合法性获取的落实保障。知识塑造机制不仅是先发企业合法性获取的直接驱动因素,还可以通过影响协同运营、品牌培育和动态竞争对合法性建设产生间接影响。研究结论进一步丰富了合法性研究的理论框架,同时,也可以为行业变革中的先发企业选择与实施合法性获取战略提供借鉴参考。

Speed up of economic integration process, development of information technology,acceleration of product life cycle and many other factors greatly highlight the necessity of enterprises to comply with industry trends and enterprise re-venture under industry change background, but the lack of resources and deficiency of experience, the new business development policy risk,the product innovation is difficult to be accepted by the market and cus-tomers and many other new emerging weakness all bring the first-moving enterprises within the industry many chal-lenges. Legitimacy refers to a general idea or assumption that individual actions are expected and appropriate within the social systems includes norms, values, beliefs and definition. The current research on organizational legitimacy acquisition still lack of exploration of the process, and the related research all based on an internal and external or-ganization feature, fragment study has one-sidedness, can not fully sort out the source of legitimate strategic behav-ior. Conclusions of previous research on new venture legitimacy acquisition can not fully explain the mechanism of first-moving enterprises under background of industrial change. Existing theory has a gap in the first-moving enter-prises legitimacy acquisition mechanism.In this paper,the authors take the State Grid Corporation of China as the research object,establishes the legiti-macy acquisition mechanism models using method of grounded theory including four sub mechanisms ： knowledge creation mechanism, cooperative operation mechanism, brand cultivation mechanism and dynamic competition mech-anism ,the research procedures include open coding, spindle coding, selective coding and theoretical saturation tes-ting. The composition of knowledge creation mechanism include four modules ： professional learning, political learn-ing, management innovation and technological innovation, which is the basic foundation of first-moving enterprise le-gitimacy acquisition under the background of industrial change ; cooperative operation mechanism includes three modules ： organization construction, strategic alliance and internal coordination, which is the power security of first- moving enterprise legitimacy acquisition under background of industrial change ; brand cultivation mechanism inclu-ding four modules include social responsibility, publicity and guidance, preparation of standards and brand value,which is the ability security of first-moving enterprise legitimacy acquisition ; dynamic competition mechanism is the implementation security of first-moving enterprise legitimacy acquisition which includes three modules ： planning and guiding, environmental catering and contingency governance ; knowledge creation mechanism is not only the direct driving factors of first-moving enterprise legitimacy acquisition, but also have indirect impact on legitimacy construc-tion through influencing cooperative operation, brand cultivation and dynamic governance. And then on this basis the authors analyze connotation, implementation requirements and function of each sub mechanism in detail. The re-search conclusion further enriches theoretical framework of legitimacy research, and also provides a reference for the first-moving enterprises under industrial change in the making of legitimacy acquisition strategy.