论自然资源使用权出让中的听证制度及其完善

The Hearing System and its Improvement in the Transfer of Natural Resources Access

自然资源具有主体上的全民性和客体上的公共性特点,在自然资源使用权出让中引入公众参与具有正当性。听证作为公众参与最主要的方式之一,承载着民主功能以及行政决定合法化、科学化的任务。充分发挥听证功效,能够促使自然资源的科学合理利用。实践中,自然资源使用权出让中的听证制度并未得到真正的落实,究其原因,在于行政权封闭行使的惯性使然,公众存在集体行动的困境以及现有听证制度存在着先天不足。因此,行政机关需要植入行政民主理念,制定有关激励措施引导公众积极参与听证,完善听证程序,明确自然资源使用权出让中听证的适用范围,并探索建立行政公益诉讼制度等,充分发挥听证制度在资源出让领域的应然作用。

Natural resources are national and public. The introduction of public participation is therefore justified in the transfer of natural resources access. As one of the most important ways of public participation,the hearing has the mission of democracy and the legalization and scientificalization of administrative decisions. The full play of the hearing can promote the scientific and rational use of natural resources. In practice,the hearing system in the transfer of natural resources access is not effectively implemented. There are several reasons to explain :the inertia of the closed administrative power performance,the dilemma of collective action and the inherent deficiency of existing hearing system. Therefore,the administrative organs should develop the ideals of administrative democracy,formulate relevant incentive measures to guide the public to actively participate in the hearing,improve the hearing procedure,clarify the application scope of hearing in the transfer of natural resources access and explore to establish Administrative public interest litigation,etc.