集装箱海关监管问题研究——美国海运集装箱监管经验的启示

A Study on the Problems of Customs Container Supervision——Inspirations from the Experience of American Maritime Container Supervision

集装箱运输是国际货物贸易最主要的运输方式,加强集装箱海关监管对维护贸易安全,乃至国家安全意义重大。目前,对集装箱风险管控的理论研究与技术操作尚处于探索和尝试阶段。本文系统梳理集装箱运输风险链条,深入剖析集装箱海关监管面临的困难挑战,充分借鉴美国海关实施集装箱监管有益经验,立足中国海关通关一体化改革实际,提出树立国家整体安全观、整合海关内外信息情报资源、加大科技手段应用、形成多层次集装箱风险规则、深化国际海关合作等各项建议,以期构建职责明晰、配合紧密、协调统一、集约高效的货运集装箱风险防控体系。

Container transportation is the first and foremost transport mode in the international commerce. Therefore,the enhancement customs container supervision is significant in maintaining trade and even national security. At present,the theoretical research and technical operation of container risk control is still in the process of exploration and experiment. On one hand, we systematically comb through the risk chain of the container transport in this study,and analyze the difficulty and challenge of customs container supervision. On the other hand,by referring to the beneficial experience of container supervision of the US Customs Service,and focusing on the reality of the integrated clearance by China Customs,we propose the following suggestions： to establish the concept of the national overall security,to integrate the internal and external information and intelligence resources,to enhance the application of science and technology,formulate multi-level container risk rules,and to deepen international customs cooperation. In the end,we may establish a risk control system for the freight container with clearly-defined responsibilities,close coordination and cooperation and high efficiency.