老年人智力与年龄之间关系的研究

On Relationship Between Intelligence and Age for Old People

目的 探讨 5 6岁以上老年人智力与年龄变化规律及老人智力发展模型。方法 根据龚氏非文字智力测验手册 ,运用龚氏非文字智力测验 (GNIT)工具 ,对 5 6～ 10 1岁之间的 14 6 0例健康老人进行智力测验。结果 各年龄组各分测验粗分均数随年龄的增加而降低 ,差异有高度显著性 (P <0 0 0 1) ,各年龄组分测验量表分均数随年龄增加呈下降趋势 ,但统计学检验除编码测验差异有高度显著性外 (F =5 0 0 7,P <0 0 0 1) ,其余各项均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。各年龄组智商呈阶梯式降低 ,90岁以后降低尤其明显。结论 老人智力随年龄增加呈阶梯式下降。在整个变化过程中 ,反映流体智力的编码测验量表分下降明显 ,反映晶体智力的认色辨数、分类、填图、填数。

Objective To discuss the intelligence an d age regularity and intelligence development norms on the old people above 56 yea r s old. Method To test the intelligence level of 1460 healthy old people aged from 56 to 101,by applying the methods in the Gong's Nonverbal Intelligence Test Manual. Results There is a significance in age groups ( P <0 01).The means of the raw scores and the scaled scores of each age groups dropped with the increase in age,however,the statistics test sho wed that the other aspects had no significant difference ( P >0 05),except the coding test scores ( F =5.007, P <0.001).The intelligence quotient(IQ ) of each groups dropped step by step with the rise in age,especially for those above 90 years old. Conclusion The intelligence level of old peop le become lower with the growth of ages.During this period,the coding test score s reflecting the hyrointelligence have a significant drop,while the scores which show crystal intelligence,such as recognizing colors and figures,classifying,f illing charts and figures,and building up a sequence,do not have a significant i mpact on age.