土壤添加生物质炭对黏虫生长发育和生殖的影响

Effects of Biochar Amendment to Soils on Immature Growth and Adult Reproduction of the Oriental Armyworm Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

为探究土壤添加生物质炭对植食性咀嚼式口器害虫的影响,选用黏虫为研究对象,设0、15、30和50g·kg^(-1)四个土壤添加生物质炭处理,对盆栽种植的麦苗接初孵黏虫幼虫,观察和分析幼虫生长发育和成虫生殖力的变化。结果表明,随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫幼虫发育历期呈线性缩短趋势,50g·kg^(-1)生物质炭处理下幼虫发育历期为19.0d,较不添加生物质炭处理下降6.5%。黏虫蛹鲜重随生物质炭添加量增大呈线性减小趋势,其中50g·kg^(-1)生物质炭处理下雌虫蛹鲜重为0.28g,较不添加生物质炭处理下降12.5%。施加生物质炭对黏虫的化蛹率(平均69.89%)和羽化率(92.08%)无显著影响。但随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫产卵量呈线性增大的趋势,50g·kg^(-1)生物质炭处理产卵量为605粒,较不添加生物质炭处理下增加近3.3倍。以上结果说明,施用生物质炭有提高黏虫生殖潜力的作用。

To explore the potential of biochar amendment to soils in influencing chewing insect pests,laboratory experiments were conducted using the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)as a model species.Biochar was added at the levels of 0,15,30 and 50 g·kg^(-1) to soils in the pots planted with wheat.Neonate larvae were individually transferred onto potted wheat seedlings and observed throughout their development.Larval duration showed a linear downward trend across the increasing levels of biochar application,with a decrease rate of 6.5% to 19.0 dat the highest biochar-added level.Additionally,pupal weight showed a linear downward trend across the increasing levels of biochar application,from 0.32 g in the control by a decrease rate of 12.5% to 0.28 g at the highest biochar-added level.Larval pupation rate(92.08%) and adult eclosion rate(69.89%) did not change across the biochar amendment levels.However,lifetime fecundity demonstrated a linear upward trend across the increasing levels of biochar application,from 142 eggs laid per female in the control to 605 eggs at the highest biochar-added level.It is suggested that biochar amendment to soils may improve the reproduction of M.separata.