浙江海岛外来入侵植物调查分析——以嵊泗县花鸟岛为例

Analysis of the investigation results for the plants invasive from outside on the islands off the coast of Zhejiang province ——Taking Huaniao island in Shengsi county as an example

为更好地了解浙江海岛外来入侵植物的特征和习性,通过对嵊泗县花鸟岛外来入侵植物的实地调查及相关文献资料的整理,对其外来入侵植物的种类组成、危害现状、原产地、生活型和入侵途径等进行了分析。调查结果表明:花鸟岛现有外来入侵植物19种,其中菊科植物种类最多,有4种,占入侵植物总数的21.1%;其次是旋花科植物,有3种,占入侵植物总数15.8%;就危害程度而言,已造成严重危害的种类有5种,中等危害的有8种,轻度危害的有种6种。这些外来入侵植物中,生活型以草本植物为主,草本植物种类最为丰富(16种,占总数的84.2%);原产地以美洲为主(16种,占总数的84.2%);引入途径以人为有意或无意引入为主。嵊泗县花鸟岛外来入侵植物的种类组成及分布特征与浙江省外来入侵植物有相似关联之处,也有其适应海岛环境的特殊性,对其防控应采取相应不同的方法对策。

In order to better understand the characteristics and habits of alien invasive plants inZhejiang Islands, through field investigation on alien invasive plants in Shengsi Huaniao Island andrelated literature, composition, status quo, harm to the kinds of invasive plant origin, life type andinvasion path were analyzed. The results showed that there were 19 species of invasive plants existingin the Huaniao island, the Compositae were the most of them, 4 species, accounting for 21.1% of thetotal number of invasive plants; the second was Convolvulaceae, 3 species, accounting for 15.8% of thetotal number of invasive plants; In terms of the degree of harm, there were 5 kinds of serious hazards,there were 8 kinds of moderate damage, there were 6 kinds of mild damage. Of these invasive plants,the life form was mainly herbaceous plants. Herb species were the most abundant species （16 species,84.2% of the total）; Many of the plants were native to the Americas（16 species, accounting for 84.2%of the total）; The species composition and distribution characteristics of exotic invasive plants inShengsi Huaniao island were similar to those of exotic invasive plants in Zhejiang Province, they alsehad the particularity of adapting to the island environment, and different countermeasures should beadopted for their prevention and control.