汉译佛经源语言、语言性质与汉语分期问题研究

A study of the Source Language, Language Nature and Chinese Staging in Chinese Translation of Buddhist Scriptures

天竺高僧所传汉译之佛经必是翻译自梵文佛经,而西域高僧也是以天竺梵文佛经为最根本最可靠之依据。竺法兰所译之《四十二章经》为汉地现存诸经之始是可以接受的。混合梵文不是一种独立的语言,而"佛"是一个由音译发展而来的意译词汇。"佛""塔""禅"等等最常用的佛教词语都是由双(多)音节词向单音节词发展,总的趋势是向单音节词回归。属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)是中古文言书面语而非白话书面语,属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)也不是所谓的佛教混合汉语,所谓的佛教混合汉语只是暂时的过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验,不能称之为一种语言。

The Chinese translation of Buddhist handed down by the Indian monk is certainly translated from Sanskrit scriptures, and the Western monk also regard Tianzhu Sanskrit scriptures as the most fundamental and the most reliable. Mr. Dharmaratna＇s translation of Chapter 42 Sutra is acceptable as the beginning of different Sutras in the region of Han people. Mixed Sanskrit is not a single language, and the Buddha is a free transliteration word developed from transliteration. The Buddha, the pagoda, Zen and so on are the most commonly used Buddhist words, which develop from double（multi） syllable words to monosyllabic words, and the general trend is to return to monosyllabic words. The model language of Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures belonging to Medieval Chinese（not including transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments） is the classical Chinese written language and vernacular written language, and is not the so-called hybrid Chinese Buddhism, which is only a temporary transitional translation phenomenon and a translation experiment, and cannot be called a language.