考虑散货影响的重载敞车模态计算方法

A Modal Calculation Method of Loaded Gondola Car Containing Granular Media

为研究包含散体货物及厢壁相互作用这类复杂接触关系的敞车模态特性,考虑散体特殊的物理性质,结合滑裂面理论及巴西果效应,将散体划分为材料属性不同的3个区域,提出了包含散体的重载敞车有限元模拟方法.首先将空车模态计算结果与实验结果进行比较,证明了车体模型的正确性;然后在空车模型的基础上添加散体的模拟,通过与重车实验结果对比发现,有限元模拟结果可以得到完整的振型,振型顺序与实验一致,验证了本文散体模拟方式的正确性,可用于车体的结构设计,并讨论了散体对车辆模态的影响:散体的存在使得相同振型对应的频率降低,且弹性体振型显著减少.

In order to study the modal characteristics of gondola car concerning complex contact relationship such as the interaction between granular media and gondola car wall,a finite element（FE）simulation method of loaded gondola car containing granular media was proposed considering special physical properties of granular media and dividing the granular media into three regions of different materials,with sliding surface theory and granular convection taken into consideration.First the car body model was proved to be correct by comparing the calculation results and the experimental results of empty car modal,then by comparing the calculation results and the experimental results of loaded car model,the full vibration modes and the correct orders of vibration mode were obtained from finite element simulation results,so the simulation method of this paper was proved to be correct and can be used in the design of car body structure.Meanwhile,the influence of granular media in gondola car was discussed：the existence of granular media reduces the frequency matching the same vibration mode,and elastomer vibration mode significantly reduces.