我国传统农村社区环境治理机制分析

An Analysis of the Mechanism of Environmental Governance in Traditional Rural Community in China

我国传统农村社区环境治理的主要内容是公共林地以及生物资源的可持续利用、公共湖泊(河流)以及生物资源的可持续利用与水利的利用等。传统农村社区环境治理的主要途径是村规民约、社区舆论、社区"能人"、生态文化等。传统农村社区环境治理的内在机理是传统农村社区具有"熟人社会"的人际网络与较好的人际关系,"熟人社会"的人际网络与较好的人际关系衍生出一种社区"人际奖惩机制",支撑着村规民约、社区舆论、社区"能人"、生态文化等发挥作用。传统农村社区环境治理对当今的借鉴之处在于注重社会资本、注重发挥"能人"作用、注重生态文化等。

The main content of environmental governance in traditional rural communities in China includes the sustainable use of pablic forest land and its biological resources, the sustainable use of public lakes （rivers） and its biological resources, and the utilization of water resources. The main ways of environmental management in traditional rural communities are the village rules and regulations, community public opinion, the community ＂capable＂, and ecological culture. And the inner mechanism of environmental management in traditional rural communities is that traditional rural communities have ＂acquaintance society＂ net- work and good interpersonal relations, from whiehderives a community ＂interpersonal reward and punishment mechanism＂ and on which, in turn, the roles of the village rules and regulations, community public opinion, community ＂capable＂ and ecological culture are brought into play. The reference of traditional rural community environmental governance for today lies in its emphasis on social capital, the role of the ＂capable＂ and ecological culture.