开埠通商与近代云南新兴社会阶层的产生

The Opening of Commercial Ports and the Emergence of Modern Yunnan's New Social Stratum

近代云南新兴社会阶层的产生在1884-1885年中法战争之后,是帝国主义强迫清政府在云南边疆开埠通商的产物。在有海关和领事馆的通商口岸,经济、文化、习俗的外向程度比较高,西方的生活方式、意识形态、民风民俗有较大影响,同时商号、银行、洋行、新式学堂、教会机构(教堂、医院、学校)、火车站等近代机构林立,客观上为新兴社会阶层的产生提供了物质基础、制度条件和社会土壤。

Yunnan＇s new social stratum appeared in 1884 - 1885 in modern times after the Sino - France War, which was a product of the imperialists forcing the Qing government to open commercial ports in Yunnan＇s bordering areas. The extroversion of economy, culture, custom of treaty ports, where customs and consulates existed, was relatively high. The life of common people was greatly affected by Western way of life, ideology, and folk custom. At the same time, corporations, banks, foreign firms, the new style schools and church institutions （ churches, hospitals, schools）, railway stations and other modern organizations objectively provided material foundation, system conditions and social soil for the emergence of new social stratum.