人权叙事中的社会发展与个人权利——纪念《发展权利宣言》通过30周年

Social Development and Rights of Individual in Human Rights Narrative:Commemorating 30 Anniversary of “The Declaration on the Right to Development”

以《发展权利宣言》为代表的一系列国际文件表明,发展权已经成为国际社会高度关注的基本人权。但反对的声音仍然存在,认为发展权是一种积极权利、集体权利和偶然权利,从而拒绝把发展权视为一种普遍人权。发展权观念冲突的根源在于人权观念理解上的差异,而这种差异很难从概念上,通过逻辑证成的方式被消解。人权叙事的视角,把联合国人权文件和我国人权白皮书视为"情节"而非"规范",通过文学而非法律的进路,将消解冲突的希望建立在人权实践而非人权概念之上,把观念证成转变为观念理解。由此,发展权的普遍性就建立在对"善"的生活的普遍追求史上,普遍性难题的张力得到缓解。

The publication of ＂The Declaration on the Right to Development＂ by the United Nations, and a series of other documents of the right to development have declared that the right to development has became an important right. However, opponents believe that the right to development is a positive, collective and occasional right, and refuse to recognize it as a kind of human rights. The antithesis depends on different understanding of human rights, and this could hardly be eliminated through a logical approach. A possible solution is to use the narrative way, to see the documents and white papers as plots rather than evidences.