法律文本中模糊语词运用的认知差异及立法规制

Cognitive Difference and Legislative Regulation of Fuzzy Words in Legal Texts

法律文本中模糊语词的运用使得法律规制的范围不甚明确,这也导致人们对法律的认知有所不同。通过对法律文本中不同模糊语词的认知心理学测试发现,模糊语词的规制边界受到人们专业素养、生活经验、日常语言习惯以及心理认知能力等因素的影响,而且语词模糊性认知差异与法律边界判断之间呈现出正相关关系。因此,对法律文本中模糊语词运用的立法规制,应当注重立法语言同日常语言之间的涵义关联性,并结合长期的实践经验来感知法律规范的具体边界,防止公众认知与立法者认知、法官认知的背离,提升法律规范的确定性。

Fuzzy words in the texts of law generate ambiguous scopes of the legal regulation, which leads to the different cognition of the law. Through a cognitive psychological test on the vague wording in the legal texts, this article shows that theregulating boundary of the fuzzy words is influenced by people＇ s professional quality, their life experience, their daily language habits and theircognitive ability. It also finds a correlativity between the cognitive difference of the fuzzy words and the judgment ofthe legal boundary. Therefore, the legislative regulation of the fuzzy words used in the text of the law should pay attention to the meaning relevance between the legislative language and the daily language, which, based on the long-term practical experience, may help perceive the exact boundary of the norms, prevent the deviation of the public cognition from that of the lawmakers and judges, and improve the certainty of the legal norms.