沉默权制度的法经济学分析

The Economic Analysis of the Right of Silence

沉默权是现代法治国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,它是刑事案件中的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人能否真正享有辩护权的基础所在,其本质在于防止强迫犯罪嫌疑人、被告人作对其自身不利的有罪供述。从法经济学角度分析,发现沉默权的弊端在很大程度上是由信息不对称导致的,我国在沉默权制度设计过程中的核心任务即是解决由于被讯问人行使沉默权而带来的信息不对称问题。但司法实践过程中对沉默权制度的需求的形成是"内生"的社会过程,因此,最终建立沉默权制度的立法活动也是"内生"的社会过程,社会过程的渐进性决定了沉默权制度建立和实施的渐进性,一方面,应逐步废除实施沉默权制度的立法障碍,另一方面,要加强制度创新,逐步建立、健全沉默权制度的配套制度,促进沉默权制度的制度环境的形成。

The right of silence is an important part of the criminal justice system,for which the criminal suspect and the defendant can really enjoy the right of defense. The essence of the right of silence is to prevent the criminal suspect and the accused from opposing their own guilty confession. This paper tries to analyze and explain the problems of establishing and implementing the system of the right of silence in China from the perspective of law and economics. This paper argues that the formation of the demand for the right of silence is an endogenous social process,and the establishment of the legislative system of the right of silence is also an endogenous social process. The establishment and implementation of the system of the right of silence will break the balance of the original legal system,and achieving a new balance requires a gradual adjustment process.