结构主义叙事学之反思

Reflections on Structuralist Narratology

结构主义叙事学的兴起,有其理论源头和理论前奏,理论源头包括索绪尔对语言的关注和俄国形式主义对"形式"的重视,理论前奏包括英美对"视角"的关注、小说理论的贡献、普罗普的《故事形态学》和列维-斯特劳斯的结构人类学研究。在这些理论准备之后,结构主义叙事学在法国兴起,形成三种研究路径:或是注重故事结构,或是注重作品的构成体系,或是注重叙述者的作用,这三个方面都取得了各自的成就。但结构主义叙事学在微观层面和宏观层面及其适用范围方面,都有一定的局限。

The rise of structuralist narratology has its theoretical source and theoretical prelude. Its theoretical source includes Sanssure＇s concern of the language and Russian formalism＇s attention to ＂form＂. Its theoretical prelude includes the concern of ＇ perspective＇ in the U.K. and the USA, the contribution to novel theory, Propp＇s Morphology of the Folktale and the study of L^vi-Strauss＇s structure anthropology. After the preparations of the above theories, structuralist narratology emerged in France which developed into three research approaches ： focusing on the story structure, focusing on the composition system of works and focusing on the function of the narrator. Though each approach has its own achievements, structuralist narratology has its limitations at the micro and macro levels, as well as in the scope of application.