印度尼西亚佐科政府的粮食自给与粮食安全政策分析

Analysis on Food Self-sufficiency and Food Security Policies of Indonesian Joko Administration

印度尼西亚拥有较好的粮食生产条件,土地肥沃,雨量丰沛,水资源丰富,粮食作物能够一年多熟,印度尼西亚曾经在20世纪80年代实现短暂的粮食自给。但进入20世纪90年代以后,随着人口的不断增长,特别是随着工业化和城市化步伐的加快,粮食自给无法满足。为此,佐科政府推出多项举措,包括制订粮食生产计划,做到粮食作物自给自足;提高农业预算开支,支持农业发展;修复农田灌溉系统,扩大粮食作物种植面积,提高粮食产量;政府发放更多款项,以社会福利计划或现金补助形式来救济贫民;计划在国外开辟种植基地,并改进国内种植方法。同时,加强国际粮食合作确保粮食安全,包括加强国际农业与粮食安全合作,着力加强农业领域外资利用工作,加强与中国的农业合作等。

Indonesia boasts favorable conditions for food production. With fertile soil, abundant rainfall and plentiful water resources, the crops are harvested several times in a year. In the 1980s, Indonesia was able to ensure food self-sufficiency. However, since ushering into 1990s, it could not manage to achieve grain self-sufficiency with the growing population, particularly the quickened pace of industrialization and urbanization. To this end, Joko Administration has unveiled a number of measures, including making food production plan, raising budgets on agricultural spending, supporting agricultural development, renovating farmland irrigation system and expanding areas for cultivation crops. Apart from these funds to aid the impoverished people in the has planned to improve domestic cultivation measures, the government has also dispensed more form of social welfare plan or cash. The government methods as well as sought for overseas farmland for cultivating crops. Meanwhile, it has strengthened international cooperation in agriculture and food security, intensified efforts to utilize foreign capital in agricultural sector, and made endeavors to Sino-Indonesian agricultural cooperation.