碱法提取大黄鱼鱼卵蛋白工艺的优化

Optimization of extraction protein from Pseudosciaena Crocea roes by the method of alkali extraction and acid precipitation

以大黄鱼脱脂鱼卵为原料,采用Osborne法分级提取大黄鱼鱼卵蛋白组分,结果表明碱溶蛋白是大黄鱼鱼卵蛋白中的优势组分,进一步采用碱溶酸沉法制备鱼卵粗蛋白,以蛋白提取率为指标,运用单因素试验分别探讨了p H值、提取温度、料液比、提取时间对蛋白质提取率的影响。结果发现,在各因素中碱液p H值对鱼卵蛋白的色泽以及化学性质等影响较大,因此固定p H11并运用正交试验优化了其他提取条件。结果显示,对鱼卵蛋白提取率的影响大小依次为提取温度、料液比、提取时间。碱溶酸沉提取的最优条件为提取温度50℃、料液比1:20、时间1.5 h,此条件下鱼卵蛋白提取率达53.54%,酸沉点为4.5,纯度达到了97.45%。

Protein fractions were extracted from defatted Pseudosciaena Crocea roes by the Osborne method. It could be concluded that alkaline-soluble protein was the main protein fraction in the defatted Pseudosciaena Crocea roes. Then crude protein from defatted Pesudosciaena crocea roes was prepared by the method of alkali extraction and acid precipitation. With the extraction rate of crude protein as an index, the effects of p H, extraction temperature, material-liquid ratio and time on the extraction were investigated. The result showed that p H could affect the color and chemical property of protein and was the best remakable factor affected the extraction of protein. Therefore, the test control p H to 11 and the extraction condition on extraction temperature, material-liquid ratio and time were optimized by orthogonal experiment. An optimum extraction condition for the crude protein was obtained, which was p H 11, material-liquid ratio of 1：20 g/m L and extraction temperature of 50 ℃, time of 1.5 h. Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of protein was up to 53.54%. It was revealed that the isoelectric point of crude protein was p H 4.5. The precipitation rate of protein was up to 34.67% at the isoelectric point. The purity of resulting crude protein could reach 97.45%.