政府治理机制转型与社会组织发展

Transition in Governmental Governance Mechanisms and Development of Social Organizations

既有研究在讨论当代中国政府与社会组织关系时普遍忽略了行政体系内部运作逻辑对社会组织发展的作用。通过聚焦不同层级政府治理机制间的互动及其对社会组织的影响,发现当上下级行政部门以"层层发包"模式运行时,基层政府更多在权衡社会组织的公共服务功能与潜在治理风险后设计相应制度安排,并形成鼓励发展或风险控制型的制度环境。但在上下级治理模式出现张力,下级灵活性与弹性不足时,基层政府会更注重通过发展社会组织来解决自身遇到的难题,进而形成"借道"机制。由此在一个新的研究视角下重新考察转型期政府与社会组织关系,揭示社会组织制度环境多样性之深层机理。

The existing research generally ignores the function of the internal operational logic of the administrative system in the development of social organizations when it discusses relations between the contemporary Chinese government and social organizations.By focusing on the interaction between the governance mechanisms of governments at different levels and their impact on social organizations,we find that when upper-and lower-level administrative departments operate in a"multilayer contract"mode,base-level governments tend to weigh social organizations' public service functions against potential governance risks before designing the corresponding institutional arrangements;they thus create an institutional environment conducive to development or one stressing risk control.However,when there is tension in the upper-level/lower-level governance mode and the lower levels lack flexibility and elasticity,subordinate governments will pay more attention to developing social organizations as a means of solving their own problems,in a"piggybacking"mechanism.Therefore,we need adopt a new research perspective to reexamine relations between government and social organizations in a transitional era and reveal the diverse underlying mechanisms in the institutional environment of social organizations.