濒危药用植物短柄乌头分布格局与环境变化对其分布的影响

The Distribution Pattern of Aconitum brachypodum in China and the Response to Environmental Changes

短柄乌头是毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum)多年生草本植物,是我国西南地区的名贵中药材,也是我国西南地区特有分布物种,分布于横断山区的云南东北部和西北部、四川西南部等省区的高寒草甸和高寒灌丛之中。在整个分布区,短柄乌头最南分布在N25°41.656',E99°33.176'之间;最北分布在N28°21'621,E101°05'793之间;最西在N25°41.656',E99°33.176'之间;最东分布在N26°13.783',E103°59.463'之间。短柄乌头分布中心是云南会泽、东川和四川盐源等地区。在整个分布区分布下限海拔约3000m,分布上限为4200m;最佳分布海拔在3300~3900m之间。近年来。由于全球气候和横断山区生态环境变化。短柄乌头分布出现两极分化,块根大的往高海拔3500m以上分布;块根小、质量差的往低海拔3500m以下分布,部分种群已经分布到暗针叶林中。

Aconitum brachypodum is a perennial herb from the family Ranunculaceae,andit is rare traditional Chinese medicine.A. brachypodum is also Chinese endemic species,and is only distributed alpine region in Hengduan Mountains,such as the alpine cold meadow and alpine cold shrub of Yunna and Sichuan. Throughout the distribution area,the southernmost region of A. brachypodum distribution is located in the north latitude 25°41. 656＇ and east longitude 99°33. 176＇; The northernmost region is in the north latitude 28°21. 621＇ and east longitude 101°05. 793＇; the western end is in the north latitude 25°41. 656＇ and east longitude 99°33. 176＇; and eastern end is in the north latitude 26°13. 783＇ and east longitude 103°59. 463＇. The distribution center of A.brachypodum is located in Huize,Dongchuan in Yunnan,and Yanyuan in Sichuan. The altitudes of A. brachypodum distribution are about 3000 m for minimum limit. The highest altitude of the distribution is about 4200 m. The optimum distribution in altitude is 3300-3900 m range. On account of the changes of global climate and ecological environment of Hengduan Mountains in recent years,the distribution pattern of A. brachypodum shows polarization,which big roots A. brachypodum is distributed in the region above 3500 m in altitude,small and poor quality A. brachypodum is distributed in the region under 3500 m in altitude,even some species have been distributed in dark coniferous forest and alpine shrubs of 3500 m altitude.