生化抑制剂组合与施肥模式对黄泥田水稻产量和经济效益的影响

Effects of biochemical inhibitor combination and fertilization mode on rice yield and economic benefit in yellow clayey field

施用脲酶/硝化抑制剂可以有效调控土壤氮素转化,减少氮素损失,提高作物氮肥利用率。采用二因素随机区组设计,研究生化抑制剂组合(NBPT/NPPT+CP)与施肥模式(一次性和分次施肥)互作对黄泥田水稻产量、产量构成因素和经济效益的影响。结果表明:生化抑制剂组合和施肥模式分别对黄泥田水稻产量和经济效益的影响极显著(P<0.001),其交互效应不显著(P>0.05);尿素分次施用(U3)处理水稻产量和经济效益较一次性施用(U)处理分别显著提高14.2%和14.6%(P<0.05);与U处理相比,U+NBPT、U+NPPT、U+CP、U+NBPT+CP、U+NPPT+CP处理产量分别显著提高22.8%、22.2%、20.1%、24.1%、25.8%(P<0.05),经济效益分别显著提高25.2%、24.6%、22.2%、26.2%、28.1%(P<0.05);与U3处理相比,U3+NBPT、U3+NPPT、U3+CP、U3+NBPT+CP、U3+NPPT+CP处理产量分别显著提高10.8%、13.5%、12.8%、12.0%、15.8%(P<0.05),经济效益分别显著提高11.7%、14.7%、14.0%、12.6%、16.8%(P<0.05);新型脲酶抑制剂NPPT单独施用及与CP配施的田间水稻增产效果与NBPT相似。通径分析表明,一次性施肥对水稻产量的直接效应顺序为千粒重(0.460)>有效穗数(0.436)>每穗粒数(0.385),分次施肥顺序为有效穗数(1.040)>每穗粒数(0.304)>千粒重(-0.059)。总之,黄泥田水稻施肥添加抑制剂可以有效扩充籽粒库容,提高产量,获得较高收益,结合不同施肥模式能进一步提高作物品种的增产潜力。

Application of urease inhibitor/nitrification inhibitor can effectively control soil nitrogen （N） transformation, reduce N loss, and improve N use efficiency of crops. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochemical inhibitors （NBPT/NPPT＋CP） combined with fertilization mode （once or three times） and their interactions on rice yield, yield components, and economic benefit in yellow clayey field using two factor randomized block design. The results showed that biochemical inhibitor combination and fertilization mode had significant effects on rice yield and economic benefit （P〈0.001）, whereas their interaction effect was not significant （P〉0.05）. Three time urea fertilization treatment （U3） significantly increased grain yield and economic benefit by 14.2% and 14.6% （P〈0.05）, respectively, compared to once fertilization treatment （U）. Compared with U treatment, U＋NBPT, U＋NPPT, U＋CP, U＋NBPT＋CP, U＋NPPT＋CP treatments significantly increased rice yield by 22.8%, 22.2%, 20.1%, 24.1% and 25.8% （P〈0.05）, and economic benefit by 25.2%, 24.6%, 22.2%, 26.2% and 28.1% （P〈0.05）, respectively. Compared with U3 treatment, U3＋NBPT, U3＋NPPT, U3＋CP, U3＋NBPT＋CP, U3＋NPPT＋CP treatments significantly increased rice yield by 10.8%, 13.5%, 12.8%, 12.0% and 15.8% （P〈0.05）, and economic benefit by 11.7%, 14.7%, 14.0%, 12.6% and 16.8% （P〈0.05）, respectively. Addition of a newtype urease inhibitor NPPT alone or combined with CP had a yieldincreasing effect similar to that of NBPT. Path analysis showed that the direct effect of once fertilization on rice yield ranked as 1000-grain weight （0.460）〉effective panicles （0.436） 〉grains per panicle （0.385）; three-time fertilization ranked as effective panicles （1.040）〉grains per panicle （0.304）〉1000 grain weight （-0.059）. In conclusion, fertilization plus inhibitor application can effectively enhance the grain sink and increase rice production with better income in yellow clayey field, and can further improve the production potential of crop varieties when combined with a suitable fertilization mode.