中国城市儿童血铅含量变化趋势及其影响因素

Children blood lead levels in urban and suburban areas of China and its influencing factors

为了解中国城市儿童血铅含量变化趋势及其影响因素,收集了1997—2010年166组城镇儿童血铅数据、23个土壤铅含量与25个城市年均PM10数据。统计结果显示,1997—2000年,中国儿童血铅年平均值逐年升高,平均值为98.56μg·L-1,自2000年禁用含铅汽油之后,血铅年平均值总体呈下降趋势,2001—2010年中国儿童血铅平均值为69.61μg·L-1。从不同省份来看,血铅含量随时间总体呈下降趋势,北京等省市已降至较低水平。相关分析表明,城市儿童血铅含量与城市土壤铅含量和大气颗粒物浓度有显著的正相关关系,城市土壤和大气颗粒物仍是儿童铅暴露的重要途径。

To know the change of blood lead levels （BLLs） of children living in urban and suburban areas and the associated factors, BLLs data of 166 cities of China, lead concentrations in soils of 23 cities and the annual mean PM10 of 25 provincial capital cities were collected in 1997-2010. The results showed the weighted mean of BLLs was 98.56 μg·L-1 on the data of 17 articles before 2000 and 69.61 μg·L-1 on the data of 149 articles during 2001-2010. BLLs rose from 1997 to 2000, but fall down in fluctuation since 2000 when Chinese government banned the use of leaded gasoline. On the whole, BLLs declined over time across different provinces, especially in Beijing and the like. BLLs were positively associated with soil lead concentration and PM10 concentration. Urban soil and atmospheric particulates may be the main exposure of lead for children.