鱼类“个性”行为及其研究进展

Recent progress on the personality of fish

种内个体差异是动物界普遍存在的现象。鱼类"个性"(personality)行为指不同时空条件下个体间行为的稳定差异,一般与"性格(temperament)"及"行为表达谱(behavioral syndromes)"同义。"个性"行为反映了动物的生活史策略,并与其种群动态、遗传变异以及物种形成等紧密关联。本文阐明了"个性"行为的定义及其内涵、综述了鱼类勇敢性、开拓性、活动性、攻击性、社会性等"个性"行为的研究进展及其潜在的神经生物学、生理学、遗传学和生态学机制,并对未来鱼类"个性"行为的理论研究及其应用进行了展望。

Individual difference is a widespread phenomenon throughout the animal kingdom. Consistent individual difference in fish behavior under different time and space conditions is known as ＂personality＂, which is generally synonymous with ＂temperament＂ and ＂behavioral syndromes＂. The personality reflects an individual＇s life history-strategy, and is closely related to the population dynamics, genetic variation and differentiated speciation. This paper expounded the definition and connotation of personality, and summarized the research progress of the classic behavioral traits （ e.g. boldness, exploration, activity, aggressiveness and sociability） that are used to describe fish personality. The potentially neurobiological, physiological, genetic and eco-logical mechanisms in formation and maintenance of fish personality were discussed. Finally, the prospect of future theoretical research and application of fish personality was proposed from an ecological perspective.