食品中病毒提取与检测方法研究进展

Research progress in extraction and detection of foodborne viruses from food samples

随着食源性疾病事件的频频发生,食品安全已成为一个严重的世界卫生问题。研究表明大多数食源性疾病的暴发主要是由食源性病毒引起的。此类病毒在许多食物表面或者内部都有分布,会引起疫病暴发和流行,危害人体健康,对食品企业造成重大经济损失。为及时了解食品中病毒情况,需要对不同食物来源中的食源性病毒进行准确检测。通常食源性病毒的检测分成3个部分:病毒的提取、病毒基因组的纯化和分子检测。但在实际检测中,由于食物的组成成分差异性大以及食源性病毒污染量少、致病性高等特点,使得不同食品中病毒的检测难度增加。本文就已报道文献中食源性病毒提取及检测方法加以阐述,为进一步完善食品中病毒检测方法提供思路。

As frequent occurrences of the foodbome disease outbreak, food safety has become a severe health prob- lem worldwide. Studies have shown that the viruses are the most common cause for the foodbome diseases. Foodborne vi- ruses can exist on the surface or inside of foodstuffs, cause outbreak and epidemic of the diseases, which are seriously harmful to human health and even bring about inestimable economic losses to the food enterprises. In order to identify the presence of foodborne viruses in food products in a timely manner, sensitive methods are therefore needed. In general, the strategy for detection of foodborne viruses in food products requires 3 steps：virus extraction,purification of the viral ge- nomic material （RNA for the majority of food-borne viruses）, and molecular detection. However, in practice, it is more difficult to detect foodborne viruses in foodstuffs ,because the amount of viruses in foodstuffs is low and the composition of food matrix is complex. In this review on published literatures, we summarized currently available methods for the de- tection of viruses in different food matrices to provide references for further studies on foodborne virus detection.