气相贝克曼重排反应催化剂的研究

Study on Gas-phase Beckmann Rearrangement Catalyst

Beckmann重排反应是指酮肟在酸催化下,发生分子内重排,生成相应酰胺的反应,是有机和药物合成中的重要方法之一。气相条件下的重排反应对环境的污染和设备的伤害较小。简要对近年来应用于气相Beckmann反应中的多组分氧化物催化剂、金属磷酸盐催化剂、分子筛催化剂三大类固体酸催化剂进行了评述,主要以环己酮肟的重排为例,通过统计形成己内酰胺的选择性和产率,比较各催化剂的催化性能的强弱以及简单探讨改性后催化剂的性能变化。

Beckmann rearrangement is a transformation to synthesize amides from ketoximes catalyzed by acid,which is widely used in organic and pharmaceutical synthesis. The rearrangement reaction under gas phase conditions has less damage to the environment and equipment. The solid acid catalysts,such as multi-component oxides catalysts,metal phosphate catalysts and molecular sieves catalysts,were simply commented. The multi-component oxide catalysts,metal phosphate catalysts and molecular sieve catalysts in the metamorphic Beckmann reaction were reviewed. The main examples of the cyclic acid catalysts were as follows： the selectivity and yield of caprolactam were formed,the catalytic performance of each catalyst was compared,and the performance of the modified catalyst was briefly discussed.