基础教育机会均等研究的演进趋势——基于我国基础教育机会均等研究的知识图谱分析

The Research Trend for Equity of Educational Opportunity——Based on Equity of Educational Opportunity Research in Chinese-Based Education

为明晰基础教育教育机会均等对教育政策制定所起的作用,本文运用文献计量可视化软件Cite Space和寻径网络分析软件Ucinet,对2000-2014年间CNKI数据库刊载的以"教育机会均等"为主题的1119份文献进行处理分析,发现2000-2014年间我国基础教育机会均等研究的热点内容大致呈现三个"转向":(1)由关注宏观层面的教育机会均等转向关注微观课堂情境中的教育机会均等;(2)由侧重入学机会和学业成果获得机会均等转向对教育过程中机会均等的凸显;(3)由关注"物"(资源、经费等)的均衡配置转向重视"人"(互动、态度等)的公平。同时,不同阶段教育机会均等研究关键词的演进路径有所差异,其演进路径也呈现不同特征。其中,聚焦微观层面的课堂教学过程中的机会均等将是未来教育机会均等研究的重点和趋势。

In order to make the function of equity of basic education opportunity research for equity of educational opportunity policies, this paper uses information visualization software CiteSpace and pathfinder software Ucinet to process 119 documents, which were published in CNKI database from 2000 to 2014. The hotspot domains of equity of educational opportunity in Chinese basic education are as follows： （1） from the focus on macro level equity of educational opportunity to that in micro class situation;（2） from the focus on equity opportunity of admission and academic achievement to the stress of teaching process;（3）from the focus on distributive justice （resources, funds, etc.） to emphasizing relational justice（interaction, attitude, etc.）. Meanwhile, the key factors and their variance explained of equity of basic education opportunity research in different stages are different, and the evolution paths also show different characteristics. Focus on equity of educational opportunity in micro class situation is the key point and trend of research and practice in the future.