河西绿洲区菜田掺沙对土壤理化性状和甘蓝生长的影响

Effects of Addition of Sand on the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Hexi Corridor Soil and Growth and Yield of Cabbage

为探究掺沙对河西绿洲区蔬菜种植田的改良效应,以河西走廊中部的高台县南华镇绿色蔬菜产业园菜地灌耕土为研究对象,利用不同体积量细河沙作为添加物质,通过翻动将沙掺入耕层中,甘蓝采收时测定土壤理化性质和甘蓝农艺及经济性状。结果表明,掺沙土壤种植甘蓝后,土壤容重、pH值、电导率(EC)及全磷、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量均与掺沙量呈反比例增长,亩掺沙量为20 m^3的处理分别较不掺沙处理下降了7.77%、2.35%、6.75%、13.74%、11.91%、25.34%和19.82%;而土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、有机质、全氮含量均与掺沙量呈正比例增长,亩掺沙量为20 m^3的处理分别较不掺沙处理增大了7.10%、48.74%、50.52%和29.10%。耕层土壤掺沙后,甘蓝叶球高、球径及紧实度变大,中心柱缩短,产量增加,可塑性指数也明显升高,其中亩掺沙量为20 m^3的处理平均可塑性指数(1.248%)和产量增幅(8.83%)最大。此外,甘蓝叶球生长指标和产量与土壤理化性质的相关性显著。综上,河西走廊绿洲灌区菜田改良土壤以亩掺沙20 m^3为宜,本研究结果为今后该地区耕地改良提供了理论依据。

The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of addition of sand on the physical and chemical properties of the soil of Hexi Corridor oasis. The experiment was conducted in the field of the vegetable industry park of Nanhua Town in Gaotai County, which is located in the middle of Hexi Corridor. The soil was mixed with the fine river sand at 0 - 20cm depth before the ridges were prepared and covered with plastic film. The soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of cabbage were determined and the economic analysis was also carried out after harvest. The results showed that the soil bulk density, pH and EC, and the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and alkalytic nitrogen were decreased by adding sand to soil compared with the control, and the above parameters of 20 - m3 treatment was decreased by 7.77% , 2.35% , 6.75% , 13.74% , 11.91% , 25.34% and 19.82% , respectively. However, the total porosity, aeration porosity, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen were increased under the different sand treatments. Compared with control, those of the 20 - m3 sediment treatment increased by 7. 10% , 48.74% , 50.52% and 29. 10% , respectively. After the soil was mixed with sand, the leaf height, the diameter and the compactness of the cabbage were increased, the center column was shortened, the yield increased and the plasticity index increased obviously. Under treatment with adding sand of 20 m3 · 667m - 2, the average plasticity index increased by 1.248% and yield increasing by 8.83% compared with the control. In addition, the growth index and yield of Brassiea oleracea were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties. The meta- analysis results showed that adding sand of 20 m3· 667m -2 was appropriate for the improvement of irrigation cultivation in the soil of the Hexi Corridor oasis of Gansu Province, and provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of cultivated land in the future.