西方学者对近代英国济贫制度研究综述

A Summary of Western Scholars' Research on the Poor Law of Britain

西方学者对英国济贫史关注度较高,推出了不少重要研究成果。其研究领域包括:救济政策演变、慈善救济的发展、贫困成因分析、典型救济案例、成效分析评价等方面;其研究特点可归纳为:(一)研究重点各有侧重,涉及法令演变、研究分析、效果评价等内容;(二)研究方向各有不同,涵盖法令解读、贫民生活、经济社会等方面;(三)研究方法各有特色,包括文献研究、实证研究、定性分析等方式。国外的相关研究在探讨过渡时期失地或少地农民的社会保障问题时,主要从济贫及其制度完善等层面来分析和入手,对贫困产生的根源缺乏系统深入的理论分析,因此研究的视角还可以做进一步拓展。

Western scholars pay close attention to the poor history of Britain and have acquired a lot of research results. The research area includes the evolution of relief policy, the development of charity relief, the cause of poor, the typical case of relief, the analysis of effectiveness and evaluation, etc.The features of the study can be summarized as the follows： First, the research focuses on the evolution of poor laws, the analysis of research and the effect of evaluation, etc.; Second, the direction of the research contains the interpretation of the poor law, the poor life, the economy and society, etc.; Third, the researching methods have their own characteristics, including literature research, empirical study, qualitative analysis, etc. When studying the social security problems of the landless peasants or those with less land during the transitional period, the researchers mainly give the analysis on how to help the poor but in shortage of systematic theoretical analysis on the origin of the poverty. Thus, a further researching perspective can be expanded.