转产转业背景下沿海渔村共同体的嬗变与重建——以福建平潭东美村为例

Transmutation and reconstruction of coastal fishing village community under the background of production and occupation transfer: A case study of Pingtan Dongmei Village in Fujian Province

为适应专属经济区渔场调整,转移沿海地区过剩的渔业劳动力,促进海洋渔业资源的可持续利用,农业部自2002年起对海洋捕捞渔民开始实行转产转业政策。该政策的实施立足于海洋资源的保护和渔业可持续发展,但却使渔民失去了世代所依赖的生存资源。相应地,它给渔村共同体带来一系列影响和冲击,出现亲缘疏离、地缘弱化、业缘增强、文化式微等的嬗变。由此引起学界对渔村共同体未来发展趋势的思考和探讨。文章基于"共同体"的理论基础,透过福建平潭沿海渔村——东美村的实地调查和深度观察,梳理了该村所发生的诸多变化,并从重建沿海渔村共同体的视角,提出政府宏观政策支持、文化保护及照顾渔民主体性的对策建议。

In order to adapt to the fishery adjustment in the exclusive economic zone and to transfer the surplus fishery labor force in the coastal areas and promote the sustainable use of marine fishery resources,since 2002,the policy of Production and Occupation Transfer for the Coastal fishermen from the Ministry of Agriculture has started to be implemented. This is based on the protection of marine resources and the sustainable development of fisheries, but it makes the fishermen lose the survival resources on which generations depend. Correspondingly,it brings a series of influences and impacts on the fishing village community which is facing the relational alienation of affinity, geographical weakening, professional relationship enhancement,cultural decline and so on. This has led to the thinking and discussion on the future development trend of the fishing village community. Based on the theoretical basis of the ＂ community＂,this paper combs the changes through field investigation and in-depth observation in the Dongmei village of the coastal fishing village of Pingtan, Fujian Province, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of rebuilding the community,including macro-policy support from the government,cultural protection and consideration of the subjective core of fishermen.