渔船主机余热驱动制冷系统应用前景分析

Analysis on the application prospect of engine exhaust-powered refrigerating system on fishing vessels

我国拥有40余万艘机动捕捞渔船,其中绝大部分未安装制冷设备,渔获物保鲜要耗费大量碎冰,浪费大量能源的同时无法完全保证渔获物的品质;另一方面,渔船主机尾气未经利用直接排入大气,造成大量能源的浪费,而主机余热驱动制冷技术可以有效地解决上述两方面的问题,是一项绿色节能技术。可使用主机余热驱动的制冷方式有吸收式、吸附式和蒸汽喷射式,经比较分析,氨-水式吸收式制冷技术是最适合应用于渔船的技术,但在推广应用时应注意对船型的选择进行评估分析,同时应注意安全、排气系统维护、操作和控制简化以及冷量综合利用等问题。

There are more than 400,000 motor fishing vessels in China,and the vast majority of them are not equipped with refrigerating device. Large amount of ice is needed to keep the harvesting fish fresh,though plenty of fresh water and energy is wasted,the quality of the fish cannot be well guaranteed. On the other hand,exhaust gas of the engine on fishing vessels is discharged to the air directly and the heat is not used.Engine exhaust-powered refrigerating technology can resolve both problems; it is a green and energy-saving technology. There are three types of engine exhaust-powered refrigerating technologies： absorption type,absorption type and steam jet type,the absorption refrigerating system using ammonia and water is the most suitable type to be used on fishing vessels. The system safety,the maintenance of exhaust system,the simplifying of the control and the integrated utilization of the cold energy are the elements to be concerned.