2001-2015年河北省职业病发病的时间和空间特征分析

Characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of occupational diseases in Hebei,from 2001 to 2015

目的了解与分析2001—2015年河北省职业病发病的时间和空间分布。方法收集2001-2015年全省报告的职业病新发病例,采用一般统计描述方法和空间自相关法分析2001—2005年、2006-2010年和2011—2015年3个阶段职业病发病的时间和空间分布特征。结果 2001—2015年间3个阶段期间职业病新发病例数分别为1 905、2 455和3 846例,呈逐期增长;发病工龄分别为20.5、15.4和10.2 a,有明显的缩短趋势。2001-2005年期间职业病种类主要以尘肺、慢性职业中毒、急性职业中毒为主,2011—2015年期间逐渐转变为以尘肺、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病、生物因素所致职业病为主。尘肺、急性职业中毒、慢性职业中毒和生物因素所致职业病均有明显的全局空间聚集性(P<0.05)。尘肺的局域性H-H聚集出现在矿产资源丰富地区,生物因素所致职业病的H-H聚集出现在畜牧业为主地区,且两者聚集的大部分(县)区均为贫困(县)区。急、慢性职业中毒的H-H聚集主要分布在轻工业区和一些综合工业区。职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病主要分布在承德的黑色金属矿业等为主地区。结论 2001—2015年河北省职业病例数逐期增长,并呈现区域聚集性。提示,今后在总体控制职业病病例增长的基础上,需高度重视职业病病例聚集区域的职业病防治工作。

Objective To analyze and explore the distribution of temporal and spatial of occupational diseases in Hebei Province from 2001 to 2015. Methods The new cases of occupational diseases in Hebei province were collected between 2001 and 2015,and the distribution of temporal and spatial of occupational disease was analyzed in the three periods（2001 — 2005,2001 — 2005,2001 — 2005） by statistical description method and spatial autocorrelation method. Results There were 1905,2 455 and 3 846 of the new cases in the three periods,showing increasingly gradually. Duration of dust exposure were 20. 5,15. 4 and 10. 2 a,showing shortened obviously. The most prevalent category of occupational diseases were pneumoconiosis,acute and chronic occupational poisoning in 2001 — 2005, then pneumoconiosis, occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease and occupational disease caused by biological Factors in 2011 — 2015. The obvious global spatial aggregation was found in the pneumoconiosis, the acute and chronic occupational poisoning and the occupational disease caused by biological Factors（ P〈 0. 05）. The H-H cluster of pneumoconiosis distributed on the mineral resource rich region. The H-H cluster of occupational disease caused by biological factors was distributed on the animal husbandry area,where most of them were poor. The H-H cluster of the acute and chronic occupational poisoning was mainly distributed on light industrial parks and integrated industrial parks. The occupational otolaryngological and stomatological disease was distributed on ferrous metal mining area in Chengde. Conclusions The incidence of occupational disease increased gradually and showed regional cluster. To prevent the increase of the occupational diseases, it is necessary to attach great importance to control and prevent the occupational diseases in the high cluster areas.