明清浙南人地关系的营力与历程——以丽水、衢州片区为中心

The Acting Force and History of Relationship between Man and Land in South Zhejiang during Ming and Qing Dynasty

明清浙南山区的人地关系变迁由战祸、用地压力、外来工商、多民族参与、精耕技艺、山地水利等要素驱动,却又同时受到封闭羸弱、禁山虎患、山民差异、脆弱生态、海岸带发展等要素阻挠。矿业样本反映出明清浙南山地产业的人地关系以利为本,高度紧张。但随着矛盾中心及其人群主体的变化,矿业中的山人矛盾逐步减弱。自另一面而言,明清浙南山地的景观营建与佛教渗透取得了丰硕的进展。其间非产业人地关系和谐,官绅主导的可持续生态信念与动力稳步成长,人地交织的日益紧密强化了人地关系的韧性。

The changes in the relationship between man and land in south Zhejiang during Ming and Qing Dynasty changed were driven to the war,the pressure of incoming businesses,the mountain-dwelling ethnic groups,intensive farming skills,water conservancy projects in the mountains. Meanwhile,they were also subjected to the influence of factors such as backwardness and poverty,the disasters resulted from tigers,the differences among the mountain-dwelling people,fragile ecological environment,and the coastal development and so on. The samples of mining industry reflect that the relationship between man and land in the mountain industries grounded on profit gains and is marked by a very high degree of tension. However,with the changes in the focus of the contradictions and the majority of the residents,the contradiction between mountains and people in mining industry gradually weakened. On the other hand,the landscape construction of mountains and the penetration of Buddhism made a great headway in south Zhejiang in the period. The relationship between man and land in non-industrialized operation was harmonious,and the beliefs and motives in sustainable ecology led by officials grew steadily. The increasingly intensified interaction between man and land improved the tenacity of the relationship between mountains and man.