大气污染物与学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病的关联研究

Effect of air pollution on respiratory health of school children

目的探讨舟山杭州两地空气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康状况的影响,促进采取有效干预措施,减少学龄儿童相关疾病的发生。方法通过整群抽样,将605名杭州市现代实验小学(污染区)和600名舟山市第一、第二小学(清洁区)的三至五年级学生列为研究对象,进行健康问卷调查和学校因病缺课登记系统统计,并采用t检验、χ2检验和logistic回归进行统计分析。结果 2016年杭州市PM_(2.5)、SO2、NO2、PM10的平均质量浓度分别为56.27、11.53、51.58、85.34μg/m3,均高于舟山市的26.71、8.99、19.86、44.42μg/m3。杭州市学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病发病率(17.83%)高于舟山市(χ2=103.28,P<0.05)。logistic分析结果显示,污染区学龄儿童的呼吸系统发病率的危险性为清洁区的32.34倍。结论 PM_(2.5)、SO2、NO2、PM10等空气污染成分是影响学龄儿童呼吸系统疾病的发病率的重要影响因素。保护环境,减少污染物排放,注意绿化,控制空气污染,对保护学龄儿童身体健康发育很重要。

Objective To explore the effect of air pollution on respiratory health of school children in Zhoushan and Hangzhou Cities and to promote effective intervention measures to reduce the incidence of diseases among school children. Methods A group of 605 students from Hangzhou Modern Experimental Primary School(pollution area) and another group of 600 students from two primary schools in Zhoushan(clean areas) were selected by cluster sampling. These students were investigated by health questionnaire and counted by registration of illness-induced absence. Data were analyzed using t test,Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results The average concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO2,NO2 and PM10 in Hangzhou were 56. 27,11. 53,51. 58 and 85. 34 μg/m3 respectively,which were higher than those(26. 71,8. 99,19. 86 and 44. 42 μg/m3 respectively) in Zhoushan. The incidence rate of respiratory diseases among school children in Hangzhou was 17. 83%,which was higher than that of Zhoushan(P < 0. 05). Logistic analysis showed that the incidence rate of respiratory diseases in the contaminated area was 32. 34 times higher than that in the clean area. Conclusion PM_(2.5),SO2,NO2,PM10 and other air pollution components are important factors affecting the incidence of respiratory diseases in school children. Environment protection,reducing pollutant emissions,environmental afforestation,and controlling air pollution are important to the health and growth of school children.