中国家庭婚居模式、房屋产权归属与性别观念

Chinese Marital Resident Pattern,House Property Ownership and Gender Conception

利用2013年中国社会综合调查(CGSS)数据,分析了夫妻相对权力下的性别观念。结果发现,良好的社会经济地位和受教育水平能促进"从妻居",且"从妻居"者比"从夫居"者的性别观念更平等;与房产归属于妻家者相比,夫妻共同拥有房产者的性别观念更平等,而房产归属于夫家者的性别观念更不平等,但后者在控制婚居模式后对性别观念的影响不再显著。这说明,婚居模式属于内化的夫妻相对权力,"从妻居"实现了夫妻权力实质的对等而使性别观念朝平等化方向发展;房产归属则是强制性的相对权力,夫妻间拥有的相对资源优势不能内化为真正的权力平等,难以撼动长期以来的不平等的性别认知。

Using the CGSS data （2013）, the paper analyzes the gender conception under tlie compara-tive power of husband and wife. It is found that good social and economic status and good education can promote uxorilocal residence, and that people witli uxorilocal residence have a b e te r gender equal-ity concept tlian those witli patrilocal residence. Comparing with those whose hoby the wife, those whose house is shared by husband and wife have a better gender equality concept,while those whose house is owned by husband have a worse gender equality concept. The latter has aless prominent influence on the gender equality concept after it determines the marital resident pattern. It shows that the marital resident pattern is an exhibition of the internalizUxorilocal residence realizes the equal power between husband and wife and push the gender concepttoward equality. House property is a compulsory relative power, and the relative aternalize a true power equality, and it is hard to change the long existed gender cognition.