贫困地区教育与人力资源需求结构耦合度研究——以贵州省为例

A Research on the Coupling Degree between Education and the Demand Structure of Social Human Resources in Poverty-Stricken Areas——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

教育与就业之间日益扩大的鸿沟,既是引发低就业率的重要原因,也成为国家通过发展教育达成脱贫、阻断贫困代际传递这一目标的掣肘。如何让贫困地区人力资本与劳动力市场的人力资源需求结构相匹配,是实施国家脱贫攻坚宏观战略需要解决的难题。课题组以贵州省为个案,借助物理学上耦合关联公式,以经济学的供给与需求理论、人力资本理论为基础,建构贫困地区教育与人力资源需求结构关系分析指标体系,用大数据计算贵州省教育与其人力资源需求结构耦合度。结果显示,贵州省教育与其人力资源需求结构处于中度协调耦合水平,但该结论与＂教育与人力资源需求结构耦合度高,其社会、经济发展程度亦高＂的理论假设不符。通过进一步研究揭示,教育扶贫既要关注教育与就业之间的深度关联,更要关注教育在区域发展中的参与度、贡献值,进而完成教育脱贫的艰巨任务,阻断贫困代际传递。

The gap between education and employment is widening,which is not only an important cause of low employment rate,but also a barrier for our country to achieve a series of development goals including alleviating poverty through education.It is a tough issue to be resolved in practicing national macro strategy of poverty alleviation that is how to make the human capital in poverty-stricken areas match with its corresponding demand structure of human resources in labor market by their acquired skills through education and training.Based on the Human Capital Theory and The Theory of Supply and Demand in economics,and Coupling Correlation Formulas in physics,this research takes Guizhou Province as a case to construct an index system of human resource supply and demand structure in poverty-stricken areas,and to compute by the Big Data the coupling degree between human resource supply and its demand in Guizho.The statistics show that the coupling degree of human resource supply and its demand in Guizhou lies at the average level.However,the conclusion is inconsistent with the theoretical arguments and hypotheses of the coupling theory that the higher the structural coupling degree between human resource supply and human resource demand is,the more developed its society and economy is.Therefore,a further research suggests that to advance the development of poverty-stricken areas,attention should not only be paid to the close relation between education and employment in poor areas,but also to the participation and contribution of education in regional development.