麦棉套作模式下差量播种对小麦抗倒性能及产量的影响

Effects of differential seeding rate on lodging-resistant traits and yield components of wheat under wheat-cotton intercropping system

[目的]在麦棉套作模式下,通过调整小麦边行与内行播种量,探索防止小麦倒伏与增产的新途径。[方法]于2016-2017年在曲周试验站开展试验,采用裂区设计,主因素为边行播种量,设225kg·hm^(-2)(B1)与300kg·hm^(-2)(B2)两个水平,副因素为内行播种量,设150kg·hm^(-2)(T1)、225kg·hm^(-2)(T2)、300kg·hm^(-2)(T3)3个水平;调查小麦秸秆直径、断裂拉力、倒伏率等抗倒性能指标与小麦产量及其构成。[结果]随播量增加,边行与内行小麦主茎基部第二节间直径与断裂强度下降,单位面积穗数、产量呈上升趋势,穗粒数、千粒重呈下降趋势;边行与内行相互影响显著,内行播量增加对边行小麦生长存在负效应,边行播量增加同样抑制内行小麦生长。综合来看,当边行播量在300kg·hm^(-2),内行播量在150kg·hm^(-2)时小麦平均产量最高,内行倒伏率接近最低。[结论]在麦棉套作模式下,采用增加边行播量,降低内行播量的差量播种方式,有利于防止小麦倒伏,提高小麦产量。

[Objective]Through adjusting seeding rate of marginal row and inner row under wheat-cotton intercropping system,newmethod was explored to decrease wheat lodging and increase wheat yield.[Methods]The experiments were conducted in Quzhou station during 2016-2017.A split plot experiment involving two seeding rates（225.0 kg·hm^-2 and 300.0 kg·hm^-2）of marginal row and three seeding rates（150 kg·hm^-2,225.0 kg·hm^-2,300.0 kg·hm^-2）of inner row was designed.The diameter,broken tension of wheat straw and wheat lodging ratio,yield components were investigated.[Results]With increasing of seeding rate the lodging-resistant traits decreased,and the spike number per unit area,wheat yield increased,but wheat grains per ear and thousand-grain weight decreased.There was a significant interaction between the seeding rates of marginal row and inner row.The increase of seeding rate for inner row restrained the growth of wheat for marginal row,also the increase of seeding rate for marginal row restrained the growth of wheat for inner row.Above all,when seeding rate was 300 kg·hm^-2 for marginal row and 150 kg·hm^-2 for inner row,the wheat yield was the highest and lodging ration was nearly the lowest.[Conclusion]Themethod of increasing seeding rate for marginal row and decreasing seeding rate for inner row was beneficial to decrease wheat lodging and increase wheat yield.