北京市郊区居民膳食结构特征与变化

Characteristics and Change of Dietary Pattern of Beijing Suburbanites

目的:了解京郊居民目前的膳食结构的特征,研究其随经济发展的变化。方法:采用多级分层抽样的方法,对北京市10个郊区县1 010名居民进行3d 24h膳食回顾调查,分析其自2004年以来膳食结构及营养水平的科学性。结果:京郊居民的膳食结构与膳食宝塔相比,畜禽肉类及烹调油摄入超量,水果类、鱼虾类及奶类食品摄入严重不足。自2004年以来,城镇化建设不断推进,京郊居民膳食结构发生了明显变化,动物性食品及烹调油的摄入量上升,谷薯类及豆类食品的摄入量也均有上升,蔬菜类食品摄入量减少,水果类食品摄入无明显变化。膳食结构的改变使得居民能量及蛋白质摄入充足,但脂肪摄入过多。同时,近年来居民高血压、血脂异常等慢性疾病的患病率均有所上升。结论:经济的发展使得京郊居民的膳食结构发生了明显变化,存在一些不合理之处,与相关慢性疾病发病率的升高等健康问题可能存在密切关系,应引起重视并着力改善。

Objective To learn the characteristics of dietary pattern of Beijing suburbanites,and study their changes along with the economic development. Method Samples were obtained by stratified sampling method. The food intakes data were collected by 3 d24 h recalls.Result Compared with the Balanced Diet Pagoda,the intakes of meat or poultry and oil were more than the recommended range,and the intakes of fruit,aquatic product and dairy product were seriously inadequate. Since 2004,the dietary pattern of Beijing suburbanites has changed significantly with the advance of urbanization. The intakes of animal foods and oil have increased significantly,and the intakes of valley potato food and bean product have increased slightly. The intake of vegetable has decreased,and the intake of fruit has almost unchanged. The changes of dietary pattern lead to the sufficient intake of protein and excessive intake of fat. Meanwhile,the morbidity of chronic disease such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia has risen in recent years. Conclusion The development of economy have brought about some changes and problems about dietary pattern of Beijing suburbanites,which may be connected to some health problems such as the morbidity rising of chronic disease.