全球机场群空间格局及其对粤港澳大湾区的启示

Spatial Pattern of the Worldwide Airport Clusters and Its Enlightenment for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

基于2016年的OAG计划航班数据,重点分析了全球机场群的空间格局,并以纽约、旧金山、日本湾区为全球城市区域机场群的典型案例,具体分析了三大湾区发展现状。研究发现:除美国和欧洲的英、法、德、意等国外,中国、日本、泰国和巴西等国的机场群数量占有绝对优势。粤港澳大湾区作为中国发展最为成熟的机场群,呈现出多核心的发展模式,机场体系较为完善,但辅助机场潜力善待挖掘。从空间距离来看,世界三大湾区机场群内机场布局更为紧凑,而旅客在粤港澳大湾区机场间流通的时间成本仍旧过高。在"粤港澳大湾区"的发展主题下,未来应注重打造多功能国际航空门户,服务于"一带一路"战略,挖掘辅助机场的发展潜力,完善机场等级体系,加快建设高效的地面交通疏散网络。

This article employs the OAG(Official Airline Guide) flight schedule data of 2016 to first analyze the spatial pattern of airport clusters and the current situation of the world's three Bay Areas. Results indicate that: besides European countries and the United States, China, Japan, Thailand and Brazil occupy important positions in the construction of airport clusters in the world. As the most mature airport clusters in China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has shown the multi-core development mode with a more perfect airport system, but the potential of secondary airports is yet to be explored. From the perspective of space distance, the layout of airports in the airport clusters in UK or USA are more compacted, the cost of mobilization among airports in the bay areas for the people is still high. Under the theme of the development of "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area", it should pay attention to build a multi-functional international aviation gateway, cooperate with the Belt and Road Strategy, explore the potential of secondary airports, improve the airport hierarchy and accelerate the construction of efficient ground traffic evacuation network.