俄罗斯民主政治转型的影响因素及思考

Democratic Political Transition of Influences Factors and Thoughts in Russia

俄罗斯作为一个具有集权主义传统的国家,在苏联解体后完全摒弃原有的社会主义制度,建立资本主义制度,试图从共产主义体系向民主体系转型。转型过程中,叶利钦、戈尔巴乔夫的改革追求西方式的自由民主导致俄罗斯陷入困境,之后普京式的"可控民主""主权民主",虽然呈现出明显的集权特征,但却使国民经济得到恢复,国家获得稳定。因此,由于历史传统文化以及经济、政党政治、民族势力等因素的影响,一个国家的政治民主政治转型没有统一的路径,也没有固定的模式,不能盲目照搬他国经验,只有依据本国特色进行改革才会成功。

Russia is a country with the centralism tradition, which abandoned the old socialist system, established capitalistsystem and tried to achieve transition from communism system to democratic system after the fall of Soviet Union. In the longtransition, Boris Yeltsin’ s and Mikhai Gorbachev’ s transform pursued the Western liberal democracy, which leaded the country intotrouble. Then Putin implemented “controlled democracy”and ” sovereign democracy” , which made economy returned and societystable. Though, this pattern is with obvious centralism. Therefore, because of the influence factors of historical and traditionalculture, economic state, party politics and so on, a state’ s political democratic transition doesn’ t has a consistent path and fixedpattern. Only according to the homeland characteristic can the reform achieve the target of democratic transition, it doesn’ t blindlycopy other patterns.