“隔岸观火”:英国漫画中的法国大革命——以詹姆斯·吉尔雷作品为中心

The French Revolution in Contemporaneous British Caricatures: Centering on James Gillray's Works

1789年法国大革命爆发,以詹姆斯·吉尔雷作品为代表的英国漫画被普遍政治化,大革命成为他们作品的核心主题。他们一方面从旁观者的视角密切关注隔海相望的法国政治进程,另一方面又着重描绘法国大革命影响下英国政治思潮论争、激进社团活动和政党政治乱象。无论涉及的是国内或国外的政治主题,英国漫画对法国大革命的镜像映射出的是英国人的民族认同。在法国大革命逐渐危及英国政体及国家安全的背景下,出于爱国热情及政府雇佣的吸引,英国漫画家及其作品在引导英国民众集体情感过程中体现出了重要的作用。

After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789,the works of British caricaturists,with James Gillray’s as a representative,were virtually politicized with the Revolution as a major topic.They followed closely the process of the Revolution across the English Channel,and portrayed such as the debates over domestic political thoughts,the activities of radical groups and the chaotic situations of party politics.In whatever topics,the French Revolution or British party struggles,British caricaturists always had their national identity standing out in their portrayal of the French Revolution.As the French Revolution gradually endangered British regime and its national security,British caricaturists with their works,inspired by patriotic enthusiasm or employed by the government,played so significant a role in guiding British public sentiments.