保定地区食品中有害元素污染状况调查

Investigation on harmful elements contamination in food in Baoding

目的了解保定地区食品中铅、镉、镍、铬、汞、砷的污染情况。方法采用国家标准检测方法采样、检测保定地区7类食品共253个样品,按GB 2762─2012《食品中污染物限量》评价检测结果,用单因子污染指数法评价水产品污染程度。结果水产品中镍含量平均值在0.24 mg/kg^0.66 mg/kg,明显高于其他食品;河蟹中总砷的含量最高,平均值为1.54 mg/kg,水产品中总砷检出率100.0%;3种水产品有50.0%以上样品受到铬污染,约30.0%样品受到铅污染,均达到轻度污染水平,镉的污染数量略少,只有25.0%虾蟹受到轻度污染。谷物中镍含量也偏高,最高为小米0.394 mg/kg;畜禽类的肝肾中总铬含量高于肉中含量。结论所有食品的有害元素含量均没有超标,常用食品仍处于安全的范围,但对于个别的元素,虽然没有标准限值,仍要引起重视。

Objective To understand the contamination status of harmful elements in food in Baoding. Methods 253 samples of7 kinds of food categories were sampled and analyzed according to the national standard method,and the detection results were evaluated according to GB 2762-2012 Contaminants Limit in Food. The pollution level of aquatic products was evaluated by single factor pollution index method. Results The average content of nickel in aquatic products was within 0. 24 mg/kg-0. 66 mg/kg,significantly higher than other foods. The content of total arsenic was the highest in crabs,and the average value was 1. 54 mg/kg.The detectable rate of total arsenic in aquatic products was 100. 0%. More than 50. 0% of three kinds of aquatic products were contaminated by chromium,while about 30. 0% of the samples were contaminated by lead at the mild level. The amount of polluted by cadmium were less,and only 25. 0% of shrimp and crabs were mildly contaminated. The content of nickel in grain was also high. The highest content was in millet（ 0. 394 mg/kg）. The content of total chromium in the liver and kidney of livestock and poultry was higher than that in meat. Conclusion The contents of the harmful elements in all food did not exceed the national hygenic standards,common food is still in the safe range. But as for some harmful elements,although there is no limits,special attention should be paid.