黄公望《溪山雨意图》及摹本古文献著录考略

Research on Ancient literature about Huang Gongwang's Intimations of Rain Among Mountains and Streams and the Copies

黄公望的《溪山雨意图》是中国国家博物馆最重要的书画藏品之一。记载《溪山雨意图》相关信息的古籍文献约有27种,涉及题跋、铃印、评赞、记事等多个方面,角度不同,详略各异。文献记载最多的内容是题跋。国家博物馆藏本有黄公望自题、王国器跋、倪着跋三种,另有乾隆题诗一首。而文献中还记有张丑、陈嘉言、朱之蕃、李肇亨的题跋,均为国博藏本所未见。各文献所记载的题跋文字也多有异同。有些文献还记载了《溪山雨意图》的铃印和尺幅,亦与国博藏本存在异同。这些都是考察《溪山雨意图》传世版本的重要线索。由于文献所载之《溪山雨意图》差异较多,很难理清版本脉络,但可与国博藏本进行比较研究。此外,有些文献还记载了有关《溪山雨意图》的评介、诗赞和记事,这些都是研究《溪山雨意图》的珍贵史料。

Intimations of Rain Among Mountains and Streams of Huang Gongwang is one of the most important painting collections in the National Museum of China. There are nearly twenty-seven kinds of ancient literature that recorded the relevant information about the painting in terms of its colophons, seals, comment and historical background, most of which was about the colophons. In the painting there are three kinds of colophons respectively by Huang Gongwang himself, Wang Guoqi and Ni Zan and a poem written by Emperor Qianlong. Meanwhile more colophons of this painting are recorded in ancient literature including those of Zhang Chou, Chen Jiayan, Zhu Zhifan and Li Zhaoheng, which are absent in the artwork collected in the NMC. Even the content of colophons varies in different literature; the size and seals of the painting recorded in some literature fail to match the painting in the NMC collection. All those differences are important clues to study the painting. Unfortunately, there are too many divergences in ancient literature to convey a clear idea of the painting＇s version; they can nevertheless be consulted as references. Some comments, complimentary poems and background information recorded in some literature are also precious materials to study this masterpiece.