关于商晚期筒形卣的几个问题——从中国国家博物馆收藏的马永盉谈起

A Few Issues about Barrel Wine Vessel You of the Late Shang: In the Example of "Ma Yong" He collected in the NMC

中国国家博物馆收藏的马永盉是一件带管流的筒形卣。最新的考古资料表明,商式筒形卣与周式筒形卣的发展演变有着必然的联系。但是,从类型学分析来看并非是从鼓腹到直腹的线性发展模式。以往有学者主张商式筒形卣来源于殷墟同类型陶器。长江流域出土的同类器,显示了商式筒形卣受到二里岗文化高体折肩瓿影响的可能性。通过对提梁铸造结构的分析,确认其技术风格在商文化中心出土的极少,而在长江流域地区却有大量的发现。本文根据筒形卣与长江流域瓿形器的形制关系,以及提梁连接结构的技术风格,认为商式筒形卣与南方青铜文化的关系比较密切,可能是这类新器型产生的一个重要来源。

＂Ma Yong＂ he[马永盉] collected in the National Museum of China（NMC） is a barrel wine vessel you[卣] with a spout. According to the latest archeological studies, the development of the Shang dynasty barrel you was closely related with the that of the Zhou dynasty. Through the typological analysis, however, you＇s bulging belly did not evolve directly into a straight one. Some scholars believed that the Shang barrel you originated from the pottery of the same shape in Yinxu. The excavations from the Yangtze river basin suggested the possibility that the Shang barrel you was influence by pottery vase pou[瓿] with a tall body and square shoulder of the Erligang culture. However, the analysis on the handle structure indicated that its style was rare among the unearthed wares of the Shang culture, while prevailed in those from the Yangtze river basin. On the basis of the connection between the barrel you and the pou-style vases in the Yangtze river basin, as well as the technical characteristics of the handle structure, this article concludes that the Shang barrel you has a rather close relation with the Bronze culture in the north, which might suggest an important source of this new type of wares.