黄河2017年第1号洪水雨洪泥沙特性分析

Analysis of Rainfall-Flood-Sediment Characteristics of the No.1 Flood in 2017 in the Yellow River

2017年第1号洪水期间,无定河白家川站洪量1.53亿m^3、输沙量1.02亿t,支流大理河绥德站洪量1.08亿m^3、输沙量0.90亿t,子洲、绥德县城泥沙落淤量约为1 000万m^3。干流龙门水文站洪量为5.69亿m^3、输沙量为0.60亿t,黄河北干流吴堡至龙门河段发生淤积,淤积量为0.69亿t。通过分析洪水的雨洪泥沙特性,并与历史情况进行对比认为:对于中小强度降雨,黄土高原水土保持措施具有较好的减水减沙作用,但对高强度暴雨洪水,其减水减沙作用降低,若今后再次遭遇大范围高强度降雨过程,黄河仍会出现大沙年份。近年来北干流河段采沙剧烈,对黄河河道输沙影响不容忽视。

In No.1 flood,the water volume and sediment discharge amount at Baijiachuan Station in the Wuding River were about 1.53x108 m3 and 1.02x108 t,and at Suide Station in the Dali River were 1.08x108 m3 and 0.9x108t,and sedimentation amount in the Zizhou and Suide counties was 0.1x108m3. The water volume and sediment discharge amount at Longmen Station in the main Yellow River were about 5.69x108 m3 and 0.6x108t,and sedimentation amount in the main channel between Wubu and Longmen stations was 0.69x108t. In this research ,by analyzing the characteristics of flood rainfall and compared with historical data,the flood and sediment routing processes and the channel erosion and deposition results,the causes of the flood were explained. Then new perspectives on the flood are presented as follow： firstly,soil and water consen,ation projects can play a satisfactory role in reducing water and soil erosion,but cannot work well in case of storm flood; secondly,if a wide range of high intensity rain occurs in the future,there will still be huge sediment amount in the Yellow River; finally,effects of the sand extraction from the Yellow River to the sediment amount should not be ignored.