不同治理方案下黄河下游河道的冲淤变化研究

Study on the Riverbed Erosion and Deposition for Different Training Schemes in the Lower Yellow River

为定量比较黄河下游河道现状治理方案(简称为宽河方案)及"两道防线"模式中的防护堤窄河方案(属于常态下的窄河方案)下的河床冲淤变化,通过适用于长历时与长河段的准二维水沙数学模型,引入河床综合稳定性指标作为河相关系均衡调整准则,针对未来黄河年均来沙分别为3亿、6亿、8亿t这3种50 a水沙系列条件进行了模拟计算。结果表明:在来沙量客观上明显减少的趋势下,窄河治理方案不仅有利于滩区的防洪减灾,而且比现状治理方案更有利于河床减淤;若采取年均6亿、8亿t的多沙系列条件开展计算,则窄河方案比宽河方案在小浪底—花园口河段和花园口—高村河段的减淤效果都明显,而高村—艾山河段略有增淤,艾山—利津河段淤积量亦有所减小。

As for quantitative comparison of the impacts of different river training strategies in the Lower Yellow River,which are current management scheme （ wide-riverscheme） and the narrow-river training on the protection embankment training measures （ narrow-river- scheme） .Introducing the riverbed stability index as the isostatic adjustment standard of the river hydraulic geometric relation, this paper aimed at investigating the long-distance fluvial processes in the next 50 years in the Lower Yellow River through quasi two dimensional model under annual mean runoff and sediment load of three scenarios. The results show that under the expected present trend of decreasing runoff and sediment yield,the narrow-river training notonly help flood control and disaster reduction on floodplain area,but also the sedimentation would be reduced. And on the condition of high-sediment scenarios, the accumulated deposition amount decreases significantly in the reaches of Xiaolangdi-Huayuankou and Huayuankou-Gaocun,though the deposition amount is slightly lifted in Gaocun-Aishan,the deposition data also declines in Aishan-Lijin under narrow-river scheme.