中国基层治理中农村积极分子的角色演变

The Role Evolution of Rural Actives in the Governance of Grassroots Units in the Modern China

习近平在中共十九大报告中明确提出"实施乡村振兴战略",强调要"加强农村基层基础工作,健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系",其中"治理有效"是总要求之一。中国作为一个农业大国,农民占多数,农村治理的效度关系着国家治理的成败。历史表明,近代以来中国基层治理过程中有一类不可忽视的群体——农村积极分子,他们的命运与国家政治生态保持了高度一致:新民主主义革命时期农村积极分子的"觉醒",新中国成立初期积极分子政治下的"新生",集体化时代全能政府下的"没落"到改革开放初期猝不及防的"迷失",再到新世纪以来,在国家深化改革开放中的"回归",正是在农村积极分子角色演变图景中,彰显了中国乡村社会与国家(政党)基层治理行为之间的深刻互动关系。

Xi Jinping pointed out explicitly in the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China ＂to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country,＂ emphasizing ＂strengthening the basic work in ru- ral areas. ＂As a large agricultural country in China, peasants make up the majority. The validity of rural governance is related to the success or failure of state governance. History shows that in the process of grassroots governance in modern China, there is a group of non-neglected groups -- rural activists. Their fate and national political ecology have maintained a high degree of consistency. The ＂return＂ in the deepening of the reform and opening up in the country precisely reflects the evolution of the role of rural activists and demonstrates the profound and interactive relationship between the Chinese rural community and the grassroots governance behavior of the state （political party）.