不同类型枇杷叶三萜酸类成分含量及降糖活性的比较

Comparisons on contents of triterpenoid acid components and hypoglycemic activity in different types of Eriobotrya japonica leaves

枇杷叶又名巴叶、芦桔叶,为蔷薇科（Rosaceae）枇杷属（EriobotryaLindl.）常绿小乔木枇杷〔E.japonica（Thunb.）Lindl.〕的干燥叶,主产于江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建等地,为中国传统民间中草药,味苦,性微寒,具有清肺止咳、降逆止呕的作用[1]204,主要用于治疗呼吸系统疾病[2]和糖尿病[3-5]等疾病.枇杷叶含有三萜酸类[6-7]、黄酮类[8]及倍半萜类[9]等成分,其中,三萜酸类为主要活性成分.

To select Chinese medicine Eriobotrya japonica( Thunb.) Lindl. leaves with high hypoglycemic activity,contents of total ashes,extracts and triterpenoid acid components in crude and processed products of mature leaves and fallen leaves of E. japonica from Xishan Island in Suzhou of Jiangsu in November were compared,and their ability to inhibitα-glucosidase activity was also compared. The results show that contents of total ashes and extracts in different types of E.japonica leaves are in accord with related criteria. Contents of each triterpenoid acid component in fallen leaves are significantly higher than those in mature leaves in general,and total contents of triterpenoid acid components in crude and processed products of mature leaves,and crude and processed products of fallen leaves are 1. 671 0%,1. 690 0%,3. 774 1%,and 2. 717 5%,respectively. α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of different types of E. japonica leaves is significantly higher than that of acarbose,in which,half-inhibitory concentration( IC50) of crude product of fallen leaves is the lowest with only 64. 170 μg·m L^(-1). In conclusion,fallen leaves are the optimum choice for taking E. japonica leaves as hypoglycemic Chinese medicine.