胡椒与槟榔间作对群体养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of Black Pepper/Arecanut Intercropping System on Groups of Nutrient Uptake and Utilization

选用胡椒与槟榔种子苗为材料,比较胡椒与槟榔间作和二者单作条件下,胡椒与槟榔的根系形态、地上部和根系的养分浓度和含量、养分吸收和利用效率、地上部和根系生物量的差异。结果表明:胡椒与槟榔间作显著提高了胡椒根系有效形态及地上部氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的养分含量,胡椒对磷的利用效率和地上部生物量均表现出明显的间作优势。分析胡椒根系形态参数与养分效率相关关系,发现胡椒的根长密度、比根长和比表面积与磷的利用效率显著正相关,其中比根长对磷利用效率提升的贡献率达94%,胡椒/槟榔体系显著提高了胡椒的这3个根形态参数和生物量,所以,胡椒/槟榔体系通过改变胡椒根系形态,增加了对养分的吸收量和利用效率,从而提升了胡椒的生物量。间作还提高了槟榔根系氮和磷的养分含量,提高了槟榔对氮和磷的利用效率。间作体系中槟榔对氮和磷的利用效率增加,有利于提高槟榔抵抗病虫的能力,还可以改善槟榔黄化现状和防止其发生。可见,间作体系通过改变胡椒和槟榔的根形态,提升了二者对养分的吸收利用效率和胡椒生物量。

In this study, pepper and arecanut seedlings are adopted as experimental materials. Compare pepper and arecanut root morphology, nutrient concentration and content, nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, shoot and root biomass in the intercropping system with monoculture condition. In order to make clear whether the root interactions promote pepper and arecanut nutrient uptake and biomass increase. The results showed that the pepper/arecanut system significantly improved pepper root effective form, shoot nutrient content, phosphorus utilization efficiency and shoot biomass. Analyze the correlation between root morphology and the efficiency of nutrient uptake and utilization. There was significant or very significant correlations between root morphology parameters that root length per volume, specific root length and specific root surface with P utilization efficiency,and specific root length contributed 94% to phosphorus utilization efficiency. Pepper/arecanut system significantly improved the three root morphology parameters and biomass of pepper, so pepper/arecanut system improved biomass of pepper via changing pepper root morphology, and then increasing nutrients absorption and utilization efficiency. The pepper/arecanut system increased N and P content of root, and also increased N and P utilization efficiency. Pepper/arecanut system increased N and P utilization efficiency of arecanut that was beneficial to improve the ability of arecanut resistance to diseases and pests, also can improve the state of yellow leaf disease of arecanut and prevent it. It showed that pepper/arecanut system promoted the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency and also pepper biomass through changing the root morphology of pepper and arecanut.