高海拔地区澳洲坚果品种比较试验研究初报

Preliminary Study on Macadamia New Variety in High Elevation Region

为提高高海拔地区澳洲坚果的推广面积和产量,选育和推广澳洲坚果新品种,在云南省云县香香苗圃基地布置了澳洲坚果品种比较试验,参试品种5个:中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所自选品种‘SSCRI-C、SSCRI-D’和‘SSCRI-E’,以品种‘Kau’(344)和‘Pahala’(788)为对照。试验采用随机区组设计,5株小区,8次重复。结果表明:定植后2~3年树干直径年生长量为1.35~1.90 cm;定植后第5年植株高度在335.3~379.5 cm之间、冠幅在105.4~131.7 cm之间。品种‘SSCRI-C’和‘SSCRI-E’定植后第4年的单株产量分别为283、221 g/株,显著高于对照品种‘344’和‘788’的70.6 g/株和20.0 g/株,说明‘SSCRI-C’和‘SSCRI-E’初步表现出良好的早结特性;定植后第5年‘SSCRI-C’和‘SSCRI-E’的单株产量(带壳果)分别达到4.14、3.18 kg/株,与‘SSCRI-D’和对照品种‘788’间达到差异显著水平,明显高于对照品种‘344’和‘788’的1.99 kg/株和1.27 kg/株。说明,‘SSCRI-C’和‘SSCRI-E’表现出良好的早结和丰产特性,在高海拔地区是极有希望推广应用的候选品种。

To adjust and optimize the plant area and the yield and screen suitable varieties for macadamia nuts in high elevation region in China, comparison experiments were carried out using ‘ SSCRI-C＇ 、 ‘SSCRI-D＇ and‘ SSCRI-E＇, meanwhile Kau（ 344） and Pahala（ 788） were used for the controls, the comparison experiments of variety with general field test method were performed in Xiangxiang nursery of Yunxian county, Yunnan Province.Results indicated that： The annual growth rate of trunk diameter was 1.35-1.90 cm in 2-3 years, the plant height was between 335.3 and 379.5 cm and the plant crown was between 105.4 and 131.7 cm in the fifth year after planting. Usually, production of macadamia has a statistical value in the fifth year after planting, however, the yield in the fourth year of SSCRI-C and SSCRI-E was 283 g per plant and 221 g per plant, respectively, which was significantly different from SSCRI-D and control varieties 344 and 788, SSCRI-C and SSCRI-E initially showed short juvenile period. The yield of SSCRI-C and SSCRI-E in the fifth year after planting was 4.14 kg/plant and3.18 kg/plant, respectively, the results showed that SSCRI-C and SSCRI-E were significantly higher than those of the control cultivars 344 and 788, which was 1.99 kg/plant and 1.27 kg/plant, respectively. As a result, SSCRI-C and SSCRI-E showed good short juvenile period and high yield characteristics, those were extremely promising candidate varieties in high elevation region, and further field trials and promotion will be carried out.