中亚地区引进的几种毛樱桃生长规律及果实品质的评价

Growth Rules and Fruit Quality of Several Introduced Prunus tomentosa in Central Asia

以中亚地区引进的21种毛樱桃和中国毛樱桃为试材,探讨品种间生长规律、外部特征及内在品质的差异显著性,并对品质进行综合评价,旨在为毛樱桃引种栽培提供参考。结果表明:(1)22份参试毛樱桃品种生长规律观察结果表明,中亚地区引进的毛樱桃YT-21的成熟期是最早为6月5日,而YT-4、YT-5的成熟期最晚为6月25日。(2)22份参试毛樱桃品种研究结果得到,11个品质指标在品种间存在不同程度的变异,其变异系数范围为0.101%~0.388%。(3)11个品质指标相关性分析结果得到,各果实品质指标间具有一定的相关性。单果重与可食部分、纵径、横径呈极显著正相关。可食部分与纵径和横径呈极显著正相关;与维生素C呈及显著负相关。纵径与横径呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物、维生素C呈显著负相关。横径与可溶性固形物和维生素C呈极显著负相关;与可溶性糖呈显著负相关。果柄与总酸呈显著正相关。可溶性固形物与维生素C呈显著正相关。可溶性糖与维生素C呈极显著正相关。(4)通过主成分分析,将11个品质指标筛选出5个主成分,其累计贡献率达到87.507%。以主成分综合模型F=0.481F_1+0.168F_2+0.123F_3+0.120F_4+0.108F_5对参试毛樱桃品种的品质进行综合评价和排序。各品种综合得分为-1.609~1.936,YT-14(中亚毛樱桃)综合得分最高,为1.936,YT-19(中亚毛樱桃)的最低,为-1.609。

21 kinds of Prunus tomentosa in Central Asia and Chinese cherry were introduced as the test materials,The differences of growth rule,external characteristics and internal quality between varieties were studied,And the quality of the comprehensive evaluation,in order to provide reference for the introduction and cultivation of Prunus tomentosa.(1)The results of the growth law of 22 Prunus tomentosa cultivars showed that the mature period of YT-21 was earliest in June 5 th,and the mature period of YT-4,YT-5 was the latest in June 25 th.(2)Results of 22 Mao cherry varieties tested were obtained,There were different degrees of variation between the 11 quality indexes,The coefficient of variation ranged from 0.101% to 0.388% .(3)The correlation analysis results of 11 quality indexes were obtained,and there was a certain correlation between the indexes of fruit quality.The weight of single fruit and edible part,vertical and transverse diameter was extremely significant positive correlation.edible part and vertical,transverse diameter was extremely significant positive correlation;The edible part was negatively correlated with vitamin C.vertical diameter and transverse diameter was extremely significant positive correlation,vertical diameter and soluble solids,significant negative correlation.transverse diameter and soluble solids、vitamin C was extremely significant negative correlation;transverse diameter and Soluble sugar was significant negative correlation.Fruit stalk and total acid was significant positive correlation.Soluble solids and vitamin C was significant positive correlation.Soluble sugar and vitamin C was extremely significant positive correlation.(4)Through the principal component analysis,5 principal components were screened out by 11 quality indexes,The cumulative contribution rate reached 87.507% .based on the principal component model F=0.481 F_1+0.168 F_2+0.123 F_3+0.120 F_4+0.108 F_5 The comprehensive evaluation and ranking of the quality of the tested Prunus tomentosa varieties were conducted.the comprehensive score of each variety was-1.609-1.936,YT-14(Prunus tomentosa in Central Asia)scored the highest was 1.936,YT-19(Prunus tomentosain Central Asia)lowest was-1.609.